Guide to Clinical Evaluation: Common Pitfalls & Useful Resources

Dr Paul Hercock

Conducting a clinical evaluation under the EU MDR can be a complex and demanding process. Even experienced teams can fall into common pitfalls that jeopardise the success of their submissions.

In this video, we highlight the most frequent mistakes manufacturers make during clinical evaluations and share practical strategies to avoid them. You’ll also discover key resources and guidelines that can help ensure your clinical evaluation meets all regulatory requirements.

If you missed previous episodes. Catch up here:

  1. What is clinical evaluation?
  2. Clinical evaluation in context
  3. The State-of-the-Art (SOTA) review – core of a successful submission
  4. The CEP and CER
  5. Clinical evaluation pitfalls and useful resources

This video explores five major pitfalls that often derail clinical evaluations:

  1. Lack of a proper search protocol
    Simply listing research questions and search terms isn’t enough. A robust protocol must detail how sources will be identified, appraised, and analysed.
  2. Lack of safety and performance objectives
    Clinical evaluations must be grounded in explicit, measurable safety and performance objectives. These benchmarks, derived from the state of the art, are essential for demonstrating conformity and ensuring that devices meet clinical expectations.
  3. Choosing the wrong route to conformity
    Legacy strategies no longer suffice. Under MDR, equivalence is far harder to justify, and Article 61(10) is frequently misapplied. Manufacturers must critically assess the most appropriate route early in the process to avoid regulatory setbacks.
  4. Improper use of equivalence
    Under the MDR, demonstrating equivalence requires detailed justification across technical, biological, and clinical characteristics. Full access to the equivalent device’s technical documentation is typically needed. Anything less risks rejection.
  5. Absence of quantitative benefit-risk assessment
    The MDR raises the bar: qualitative arguments are no longer sufficient. A numerical benefit-risk ratio is now mandatory, signalling a shift toward more data-driven evaluations.

By understanding these pitfalls and using the recommended guidance, manufacturers can strengthen their clinical evaluations and improve submission success rates.

Key resources for Clinical Evaluation under EU MDR

A Proven Framework for Success

At Mantra Systems, we know what success looks like. Our approach to clinical evaluation is built on experience: over 300 successful evaluations conducted under MDR. This track record reflects not just regulatory knowledge, but also a deep commitment to patient safety, clinical relevance, and quality of evidence.

Through this series, we have shared that expertise with you, helping you avoid the pitfalls we see most often and giving you a clear pathway to stronger, more resilient submissions.

Related articles

  1. A pair of glasses rests on an eye test chart.

    Did You Know Your Glasses Were a Medical Device? A Regulatory Guide for Manufacturers

    The importance of correct classification and our recommended path to avoid common ophthalmic device 'gotchas'.

    Gabriela Cardoso Gabriela Cardoso Regulatory Medical Writer
  2. A man sitting whilst a nurse prepares his arm for an injection.

    Why Clinical Trial Design Should Begin at the Earliest Stages of Medical Device Development

    In this guest post from our partners at Franklyn Health, they explore the benefits of a well-planned approach.

    Rob Bedford Rob Bedford Head of Clinical Operations at Franklyn Health
  3. A precariously balanced pile of ping-pong balls and wooden bars.

    The Shift from MDD to MDR: Key Differences in Demonstrating Equivalence

    This transition has demanded that device safety must be demonstrated with more evidence. We offer tips for winning equivalence claims.

    Kamiya Crabtree Kamiya Crabtree Regulatory Medical Writer
  4. Holding up the Mantra Systems sign with Shanghai as a backdrop.

    2025: A year in review

    Our CEO takes a seasonal look back at our year in medical device regulation. Plus a peek at some of our offerings planned for 2026.

    Dr Paul Hercock Dr Paul Hercock Chief Executive Officer
  5. A pen and notepad, resting on a laptop.

    Periodic Safety Update Report: Requirements under EU MDR

    Post-Market Surveillance has become more stringent. We help you to understand what manufacturers need to consider.

    Chandini Valiya Kizhakkeveetil Chandini Valiya Kizhakkeveetil Regulatory Medical Writer
  6. An EU flag on a pole flies between two US flags against a blue sky.

    Webinar: From USA to Europe - Accelerating Your Path to the Medical Device Market

    We showed you how to quickly transform your U.S. regulatory work into a compliant EU MDR submission.

    Chandini Valiya Kizhakkeveetil Chandini Valiya Kizhakkeveetil Regulatory Medical Writer
  7. A US-style 'changes ahead' warning road sign.

    Device Modifications: When a Simple Change Becomes a Regulatory Nightmare

    As regulatory consultants we understand how minor modifications to a device can often cause disproportionate disruption.

    Kamiya Crabtree Kamiya Crabtree Regulatory Medical Writer
  8. Webinar announcement poster.

    Webinar: Regulatory & Cybersecurity Essentials for medical device software and AI-enabled devices

    Our webinar with Cyber Alchemy addressed bringing AI-enabled medical devices to market with both the right regulatory and cybersecurity foundations.

    Shen May Khoo Shen May Khoo Regulatory Project Lead
  9. MEDICA logo.

    Mantra Systems at MEDICA 2025

    Mantra Systems is once again going to MEDICA, the largest medical trade fair in the world. We hope to see you there.

    Megan Allen Megan Allen Regulatory Medical Writer
  10. A simple jigsaw with iconography representing growth printed on it.

    Leveraging Post-Market Surveillance Data for Continuous Improvement

    PMS isn’t just about compliance, it’s an opportunity for improvement, enhance patient safety & innovate.

    Shen May Khoo Shen May Khoo Regulatory Project Lead
  11. A poster frame for our Clinical Evaluation video series featuring Dr. W. Brambley.

    Guide to Clinical Evaluation: CEP Strategy & CER Structure

    Part 4 - We explore how these guide reviewers through the evidence that supports safey, performance, and conformity.

    Dr Will Brambley Dr Will Brambley Lead Medical Writer

More articles

Need help producing compliant CEPs & CERs? We are offering FREE CEPs to 5 qualifying applicants per week

Get your free CEP